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Society for Pastoral Counselling Research SPCR Fifteenth Annual Conference May 1-3, 2008 Abstracts/Résumé
Title: Family Communication and Resilience in Dealing with Aging Parents Presenter: Martin Rovers, Ph.D. Address: St. Paul University 223 Main Street Ottawa, Ontario K1S 1C4 Telephone: 613-236-1393 Ext. 2301 E-mail: mrovers@ustpaul.ca Abstract As parents age, all family members are called upon to find ways in which to assist in their care. One’s family of origin, where aging parents and adult children caregivers lived together over the years, continues to be the primary place where most caregiving continues to happen. Caregiving, like every other interactional dance that happens within a family, has two sides: caregiving burden and caregiving reciprocity. This article reports on the findings of a preliminary research where both aging parents and adult children caregivers were asked to rate their sense of caregiving burden and caregiving reciprocity for each other. Finding indicate that aging parents perceive themselves more of a burden to their caregiving children then their children perceive them to be, while both parties in this family caregiving dance have an equal sense of caregiving reciprocity. What reasons might explain this communication gap between aging parents and adult children caregivers? Creating dialogue and resilience between aging parents and adult children caregivers towards caring and caregiving needs for both parties is the central finding of this research.
Title: The Spiritual Care Giver’s Guide: Identity, Practice and Relationships Presenters: Elizabeth Meakes, M.T.S Thomas St. James O’Connor, ThD Address: KW Counselling Wilfrid Laurier University Charles Street 75 University Avenue West Kitchener, Ontario Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5 E-mail: elizabeth@kwcounselling.com t oconnor@wlu.ca
Abstract There has been a significant shift in health care institutions and the multi-faith council in Ontario in the last 25 years from the term "pastoral care" to "spiritual and religious care." This shift has sought to be more inclusive of the diverse spiritual and religious needs and practices of Ontario citizens. What is spiritual and religious care? What is appropriate education and training in spiritual care? What is the role of identity, practice and relationships in spiritual and religious care? These questions will be addressed in this workshop through a review of some of the literature along with the clinical experience of the presenters.
Title: When Students Are Like Corn Presenter: Kristine Lund, Ph.D. Address: Waterloo Lutheran Seminary 75 University Ave. W Waterloo, ON N2L 4L2 Telephone: 519-884-0710 Ext. 2246 E-mail: klund@wlu.ca Abstract Corn is a highly fibrous vegetable that passes through the human digestive system unaffected. Sometimes we have students who in a similar way resist being affected by the learning opportunities that are offered. As supervisors/teachers it can be frustrating to find meaningful ways to work with such students. We may "write them off" thinking that if they don’t want to learn then that is simply their problem. Or, we can get organized to try particularly hard to influence or affect this student. Either way usually results in a less than satisfactory outcome for the supervisor/teacher, "challenging" student and their peers. This presentation will focus on the particular pedagogical challenges that such students present. Are their commonalities among these students that give us as supervisors/teachers clues on ways to support and encourage their learning process? A constructivist understanding of learning informs the presentation.
Title: Doing Culturally Sensitive Assessments with Immigrant Populations: An Intergenerational and Pastoral Approach to Resiliency. Presenter: Desmond C. Buhagar, S.J., Ph.D. (Cand.) Address: 3048 Guilford Ave., Baltimore, MD, 21218 Telephone: (443) 825-7213 (cell) E-mail: hagar30@fastmail.fm
Abstract The normal storms and stress of adolescence are even more pronounced in the lives of adolescent immigrants in cultural transition. As a result, many adolescent immigrants can experience clashes of values with parents and grandparents, which are often rooted in intergenerational conflicts because of the different rates of adaptation to the new culture (Baptiste, 1990). The purpose of this paper presentation will be to briefly examine the three immigrant family populations – Asian, Latin American and Eastern European as they struggle to adapt to life in North America. This paper will focus on the kinds of cultural strengths and weaknesses that are common to these three groups, which provide a basis for assessing areas of resiliency and mal-adjustment within the context of adaptation to life in Canada and the United States. The presentation will emphasize the need to assess the inner-dynamics of the whole family as well as interactions between various subgroups by drawing on therapeutic insights from both family systems and pastoral counseling theory.
Title: TheTitle: Title: Influence of Belief and God Images in the Healing of Victims of Family Sexual Abuse Presenter: Karlijn Demasure, STD Address: Faculty of Theology Saint Paul University 223 Main Street Ottawa, ON Canada K1S 1C4 Telephone: 613 236-1393, Ext 2249 Email: kdemasure@ustpaul.ca
Abstract
The concept of post-traumatic spirituality builds on emerging research that seeks to account for the fact that some people report positive life changes as the result of trauma or of life crises. Post-traumatic growth seems to be more common than previously acknowledged. Researchers in the field of post-traumatic growth are interested in the health promoting factors that may be called upon when coping with traumatizing events in order to support coping efforts and resilience. Coping can be described as a search for meaning in times of stress. (Pargament 1997) Mental health research on trauma and in related fields would benefit from the complementary approaches of stress-related growth such as spirituality and religion. Religion as well as spirituality can be coined as a search for meaning in relation to the sacred. My research focuses on spirituality, religion and trauma. In this contribution I deal with the trauma of sexual abuse of children and their pastoral care when they become adults. More specifically I deal with the positive and negative influences of God images in the healing and growth process.
I have opted for a hermeneutical narrative approach based on social constructionism the hermeneutics of Paul Ricœur and postfoundationalist practical theology. The results of this research are based on a limited qualitative research with 20 abuse survivors. They are all members of the ISG (Incest and Sexual Violence) group which for 20 year now has gathered adults (mostly women) who were sexually abused by a family member or by a friend of the family. The research, in the form of written interviews, took place in Flanders (Belgium) during the months of May and June 2006. I will discuss these interviews in relation to pertinent literature.
Title: Attachment, Culture, and Pornography Distress Presenter: Susan Kim, M.A. Address: 376 Churchill Ave Suite 305 Ottawa, ON K1Z 5C3 Telephone: 613-447-1846 E-mail: susangraham_@hotmail.com Abstract A significant number of women experience distress due to their partner's pornography use. This presentation will look at the key themes that are present for those experiencing distress and why pornography use can present problems for a couple and the family. The attachment system will be viewed as a component that supports the development of a distress dynamic and cultural factors will be reviewed as key components that have roles in establishing interpersonal and relational dynamics of the couples experiencing conflict due to pornography. Clinical considerations and future research directions will be reviewed.
Title: Beliefs, Values and fit in Marital Counselling: An Exploratory Study Presenter: Kelvin Mutter, D.Th. Address: Heritage Theological Seminary, 175 Holiday Inn Drive, Cambridge, Ontario, N3C 3T2. Telephone: 519-651-2869 Ext. 238 E-mail: kfmutter@gmail.com Abstract Spirituality plays a significant role in shaping coping strategies. Spiritually oriented clients are more likely to seek counsel from someone who shares their religious values. Spiritually oriented clients may also desire to incorporate spiritual themes within the therapeutic process. Thus, faith-oriented approaches to marital counselling attempt to reflect the spiritual values of the counsellee. While questions related to counsellee perceptions of the counsellor, his/her religious values, and, the relationship of these perceptions to therapeutic engagement are addressed in the literature, little is known about how people of faith perceive the interventions or marital counselling models employed by pastoral counsellors. This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study (n=301) in which a subset of the religious community, evangelical Christians, randomly rated one of five faith-oriented approaches to marital counselling - Howard Clinebell, Jr., Lawrence Crabb, Jr., H. Norman Wright, Everett L. Worthington, Jr., and a pastoral adaptation of Emotionally Focused Couple’s Therapy (EFCT). The paper illustrates that participants differentiated between models of marital counseling. The paper also begins to clarify our understanding of the role spirituality, as well as its limits, in the counselling process. The paper concludes with guidelines for enhancing therapeutic fit with couples for whom spiritual values are important.
Title: Intergenerational Value Similarity in Polish Immigrant Families in Canada in Comparison to Intergenerational Value Similarity in Polish and Canadian Non- Immigrant Families Author: Joanna Kwast-Welfeld, M.A. Address: 304-1105, Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y4G5 E-Mail: Joanna_Kwast-Welfeld@ncf.ca Abstract The study examines intergenerational value transmission in Polish immigrant families in Canada in comparison to value transmission in non–immigrant families - Polish families in Poland and Canadian families in Canada. Group mean comparisons of value priorities revealed generational effect that have shown to be culture specific; as a group, young immigrants resembled more young Canadians’ than their own parents’ value priorities. The intergenerational relational styles, value coherence within the family and the young-adult’s identity status were identified as culture specific predictors of the parent-grownup child value similarity. Interestingly, even though the study applied different methods and levels of data analysis, it did not detect a difference in the levels of parent-child value similarity among immigrant and non-immigrant families. A possible implication of intergenerational value coherence on the strength of immigrant families’ resilience is discussed.
Title: Attachment Dimensions as a Predictor of Conduct Disordered Symptoms in Adolescence Presenter: Molisa Meier, B.A.(Cand) Jean-François Bureau, Ph.D. Karlen Lyons-Ruth, Ph.D. Address: University of Ottawa University of Ottawa Harvard University Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa, Ontario Boston, Massachusettes USA E-Mail: mmeie050@uottawa.ca jbureau@uottawa.ca
Abstract
Previous research has shown that role reversal and disorganized attachment patterns are associated with behavior problems in childhood; however, no research has studied this association in adolescence. The current study explored the relationship between observations of attachment behaviors toward mother and conduct disordered symptoms in adolescent using a high socio-economic risk sample of 83 mother-adolescent dyads. The coding for attachment dimensions used the Revealed Difference Procedure in which the dyads were instructed to discuss and resolve a major issue of disagreement. A factor analysis revealed three orthogonal factors (i.e. Warmth, Role Reversal and Disorganization) from 11 attachment dimensions. Results revealed that high scores on the disorganization and role reversal attachment factor significantly predicted conduct disordered symptoms. These results suggest that the mother-child relationship contributes to the development of behavior problems in late adolescent.
Title: Grieving Processes of Heterosexual and Homosexual Men: A Critical Review of the Literature Presenter: Rene Vandenberg, M.A. Address: Rene Vandenberg Counselling Services 39 Robertson Road, Suite 260 Ottawa, Ontario K2H 8R2 Telephone: (613) 850-1012 E-mail: rene@rvcounselling.ca
Abstract
A broad review of the literature on men and grief revealed a paucity of theorizing and exploring the similarities and differences between the grieving processes of heterosexual and homosexual men. Although the literature appears to understand grief as a multifaceted process, while supporting the notion that men can adopt diverse means of grieving loss, it appears to dismiss the need to further investigate each population by seemingly generalizing findings from heterosexual male studies to homosexual men, or by excluding homosexual men from these studies. Furthermore, the extent of the literature reviewed regarding homosexual men and grieving appeared to emphasize AIDS related deaths, suggesting that gay men die only from AIDS. Thus, the need to review and understand the types of societal stressors and their impact upon the grieving processes of heterosexual and homosexual men, as well as the recognition of the limitations of the literature, are essential to suggesting the need for the development of a unified model of the impact of sexual orientation on the grieving processes of men.
Title: An Examination of Attachment Styles, Distress, and Oscillation Among Parents Who Have Lost a Child to Cancer. Description and preliminary findings. Presenter: Philip Dominigue, M.S.W. Address: 1841 Burfield ave. Gloucester, On, Canada K1J 6S9 Telephone: 613-864-7594 E-mail: pdominigue@rogers.com Abstract This study, taking place fall of 2007, will investigate how specific combinations of retrospective attachment styles and of social support in couples who have lost a child to cancer affect marital distress, levels of grief, grief oscillation and emotional distress. The theoretical framework of the study, its hypotheses, and the 7 standardized measures used will be described. Retrospective attachment styles and their hypothesized role on the individual and relational grief process in couples will be described in light of the Dual Processing Model of grief. Preliminary findings and future implications for research and clinical practice will be introduced. The presentation will end with questions from the audience and a discussion.
Fourteenth Annual ConferenceMay 2007Waterloo Lutheran Seminary
Waterloo Ontario
AbstractsWorkshop: The Problem of Evil, Grace, Suffering and the Place of Process TheologyPresenter: Colleen Lashmar, CSJ, D. Min. Address: Pastoral Care Coordinator Phone: 519 621-2333, ext. 2124 E-mail: Clashmar@cmh.org Abstract This pre-conference workshop will explore possible theological constructs which address or attempt to address the thorny question posed to chaplains, counselors and pastors: "Why does a God of love allow suffering." The nature of theodicy will be explored, as will approaches to creation, grace and suffering. The theological/pastoral approach of Gustavo Guttierez, a liberation theologian from Peru, will be investigated as he explores this essential question in his book On Job: God-Talk and the Suffering of the Innocent. The tenants of Process Theology, and specifically, Dr. Robert Kinast's book Process Catholicism, will be discussed as to their place in talking about God and innocent suffering. Finally, the God-talk from research with palliative care patients will be highlighted as they talk about their image of God in the context of their physical, spiritual and emotional suffering. A final note about the mystery that is God will conclude the workshop. There will be a power point presentation, time for discussion in small groups, and an invitation to further reflection on this topic, especially, what is helpful to offer as chaplains, pastoral counselors and clergy.
Workshop: Forgiveness in Supervision and Shakespeare
Presenters: Leslie O’Dell, PhD, Thomas St. James O’Connor, ThD, Associate Professor Delton Glebe Professor,
Address: Wilfrid Laurier University Wilfrid Laurier University
Telephone: 519-884-1970
E-mail: lodell@wlu.ca toconnor@wlu.ca Abstract This pre-conference workshop explores the potential of Shakespeare's plays in the examination of forgiveness in the relationship between supervisor and supervisee. In supervision theory, forgiveness is not often addressed in the literature. Yet, forgiveness is part of mentoring, learning, becoming competent and human. Shakespeare's insights about forgiveness, informed by early modern concepts of grace, are encoded in powerful dramatic poetry that inspires reflection. This workshop will seek to merge the considerations of supervision with the potential of literature and film as a catalyst for discussion. Participants will not be expected to know supervision theory nor King Lear but should be open to both didactic and experiential learning.
Keynote Address: Supervision: Theory from Qualitative Research
Speaker: Marsha Cutting, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Pastoral Care and Counseling
Address: Waterloo Lutheran Seminary, Room 209
Telephone: 519-884-1970
E-mail: mcutting@wlu.ca Abstract Qualitative research based in the tradition of Glasser and Strauss (1967) is intended to give rise to theory, indeed, their first book is titled The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. In recent years, psychology researchers have been using qualitative research methods (most often Grounded Theory or its derivatives) to explore supervision, but have rarely proposed theory on the basis of their work. Some authors have looked at supervision from the perspective of supervisees and others from the perspective of supervisors; the perspectives of supervisees and supervisors have been compared and group supervision has been studied. None of these, however, have given rise to supervision theory. This led the speaker to wonder what the whole body of qualitative research on supervision might collectively suggest about a theory of supervision. The keynote address will review the findings of this literature and propose a theory that could be derived from it.
Title: Supervisors and Theological Reflection Presenters: Elizabeth Meakes, MTS Thomas O’Connor, ThD Address: KW Counselling Wilfrid Laurier University Phone: E-mail: elizabeth@kwcounselling.com toconnor@wlu.ca Abstract T his paper examines 15 pastoral counseling and chaplaincy supervisors in CAPPE and their views and practices on theological reflection. Methodology is qualitative research using ethnography and data is taken from a larger study. Data is presented on definitions, time spent, images and examples of theological reflection that these supervisors offered in an interview. Implications for supervisory practice of theological reflection are explored. This research was funded by a Lilly grant given through ATS and a sabbatical grant given by Waterloo Lutheran Seminary.
Title: Comparing Supervision Models: The Lone Supervisor and The Team Approach Presenter: Martin Rovers, Ph.D. Peter Barnes D.Min Address:
Saint Paul University Telephone: 613-236-1392 Ext 2301 E-mail: mrovers@ustpaul.ca Abstract Supervision takes many forms within both the academic and training world and the workplace. This presentation will look at two prominent models: the lone supervisor and the team approach to supervision. The lone supervisor is seen to be more the CAAPE model where the supervisor does it all, has authority over it all, and has his/her blind sides. This is especially true when difficulties arise within supervision like transference or evaluation. The team approach is often used within Master’s training programs like MFT and counselling. It can be described as a more collaborative approach, but requires more depth of participation by all concerned as well as clear boundaries about the circle of confidentiality. Pro’s and Con’s of both models will be presented. Case studies will help participants journey with and navigate some of the strengths and limitations of each model. The presentation is designed for interaction with participants.
Title: Understanding and Transforming Supervisee Countertransference Presenter: Augustine Meier, Ph.D. Address:
Saint Paul University T elephone: 613-236-1393 Ext. 2258 E-mail: ameier@ustpaul.ca Abstract Countertransference is a common experience for psychotherapists who work from an interpersonal, psychodynamic and experiential perspective. In these approaches the subjective experiences of both the psychotherapist and the client form a central part of the therapeutic work. Countertransferences can arise from working with clients who come across as controlling and from clients who present themselves as being heavily reliant on the psychotherapist to make their lives better. This paper presents the countertransference experiences of two supervisees. In the first case, the supervisee experienced one type of countertransference when working with a controlling client and another type of countertransference when working a client who presented herself as being reliant on the psychotherapist. In the second case, the supervisee experienced an affective/sexual countertransference with a sexually abused female client. To account for these countertransferences, the paper presents a model based on psychodynamic theory. The paper illustrates how this model explains countertransference and indicates how a supervisor might help a supervisee work through the various types of countertransference. The paper begins by briefly presenting and critiquing different models of supervision.
Title: The Living Moment: The Pastoral Counselling Students’ Experience of Learning to Be Present With Their Clients. Presenter: Kristine Lund, PhD. Address: Waterloo Lutheran Seminary E-Mail : klund@wlu.ca Abstract How do pastoral counselling students learn to be present with their clients? This is the question that guides this hermeneutically inspired action research study into the experience of presence in both the therapeutic and pedagogical relationship. The interpretations presented emerged from discussions with a focus group consisting of pastoral counsellors and pastoral counselling supervisors, past students, the researcher’s daughter and her tutor and autobiographical material. These interpretations are informed by an "enactivist" theory of learning, post modern understandings of the self and theoretical perspectives on the role of the therapeutic relationship. The primary purpose of the study is to understand how students learn to be present with their clients. In particular, beginning counselling students tend to want to analyze the past or brainstorm about the future. However, the past is gone and the future is not here yet, therefore, all that is available for therapeutic work is the present, or the living moment. The eight hermeneutical "nodes" emerging from the research provide a way of inquiring into the complex experience of presence. The first node "The elusiveness of presence," indicates that presence is both tangible and elusive. The second node "It’s more than you and me," acknowledges that in the therapeutic or pedagogical relationship, both individuals will be changed. The third node "The vulnerable ego," further develops the themes of embodied awareness and the dynamic interplay of self, other and the relationship. The fourth node "It’s about the learning," recognizes that learning requires a willingness to face oneself. The fifth node "The learning occasion," addresses the significance of the pedagogical relationship. The sixth node "Problems about learning," notes the challenges that adult learners face in a new learning situation. The seventh node, "Disconnected connections," notes the relationship that Western culture plays in supporting and encouraging disconnection from self, other, and the natural world. The eighth node "Parallel process," observes the complexities in communication involved in the therapeutic and pedagogical relationship. The eight hermeneutical nodes inform the pedagogical relationship which is a learning relationship and also a relationship that learns.
Title: Strength-Based Supervision – A Developmental Perspective Presenter: Patricia Vanderheyden M.T.S., RMFT Address: 186 Albert St. Suite 203A Phone: 519-619-8801 or 519-280-0054 E-mail: p.vanderheyden@rogers.com Abstract Supervision is a co-created journey for both the supervisor and supervisee. It is essential that both supervisor and supervisee have "a beginner’s mind" and remain open to the lessons that are awaiting them along the supervision journey. Self-awareness and the "use of self" is needed to create a safe place for enriched learning. The process of supervision often balances tenuously between letting go and the temptation to rescue, on the part of the supervisor. As a supervisee, the tension usually vacillates between dependence and autonomy. This organic process can occur in predictable stages. Through the use of live videotaped supervision sessions, participants will observe a developmental and strength-based approach utilized to break through "stuckness in supervision."
Title: A Year in the Life of a Chaplaincy Resident: Reflections from the Inner World
Presenter: Rev. Jane M Leslie M.T.S. Full Time, Senior Chaplaincy Resident
Address: 32 A Coachwood Rd.
Telephone: Office: 905-522-1155 Pager 496 Home: 519-756-9379
E-mail: jane.leslie@sympatico.ca Abstract This paper explores, through poetry, the growth, development and spiritual explorations of a chaplaincy resident during the course of her one year residency program. The presentation consists of a collection of poems written by the resident over the course of the year that explore some of the personal, historical and emotional issues confronted by her during her residency as a CPE student. The student examines her relationships with peers, supervisor, and family, both past and present. The poetry, her preferred method of journaling is both personal and explorative in nature, allowing the reader to witness her growing edges while dealing with the painful reality of her day to day work with patients and new understanding of self. The poetry is almost prophetic at times, unraveling deeply subconscious issues so that they may be examined through her own witness to self and then explored through IPR and the supervisory process. The writing is sometimes reciprocal, as she explores, discovers, divulges, and then explores with others. The nature of the presentation would be an explanation of the circumstances of the particular poem, the poem, and then the nature of her growth and discovery through its writing. At no time either in content or in reading are the other residents or supervisor mentioned, or any information personal to them divulged. The writings are strictly reflections about the student by the student. It is the author’s hope that through this process others may come to understand the nature of the personal growth, issues discovered and examined and the reality of the influence the relationships in the residency played, with patients, peers, and her supervisor.
Title: Power and Gender Issues in an Institutional Program to Prevent Clergy Sexual Misconduct Authors & Address: Richard Walsh-Bowers Wilfrid Laurier University Thomas O’Connor Waterloo Lutheran Seminary Christopher Ross Wilfrid Laurier University Dana Sawchuk Wilfrid Laurier University
E-mail: Richard Walsh-Bowers rwalshbowers@wlu.ca Chris Ross cross@wlu.ca Thomas O'Connor toconnor@wlu.ca Abstract In two recent journal articles, the authors reported on their in-depth evaluation of the Crossing the Boundaries (CTB) annual workshop that the Eastern Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada (ELCIC) provides to seminarians. The purpose of the proposed workshop for this conference is to discuss power and gender issues that might emerge in institutional programs to prevent clergy sexual misconduct with congregants. In the CTB program, synod presenters focus on the strict maintenance of appropriate boundaries in clergy-congregant relationships as a means of preventing clergy sexual misconduct. The authors evaluated the CTB workshop by analyzing synod-sanctioned workshop materials, observing the workshop, and interviewing 10 pastors who attended the workshop. The findings encompassed issues of ethical ambiguities and occupational stress that pastors encounter associated with pastor-congregant relationships. In our presentation we explore a key institutional dimension that envelopes these relationships: differing conceptions of power and gender held by the synod presenters and workshop participants. We discerned a hierarchical notion of power relations assumed and advanced by the synod presenters that stood in contrast to a relatively democratic conception of power discussed by several pastors. Aspects of the pastors’ challenges to the workshop’s prohibition on clergy-congregant friendships are noteworthy in relation to these interpretations of power. Our evaluation also showed that the workshop content minimized gender analysis in discussing power and boundary violations. In this presentation we examine gender issues in light of the pastors’ comments on and experiences of gender vulnerability and patriarchy in the church. We conclude by identifying the need for a fuller understanding of gender inequality and church structures in programs aimed at preventing clergy sexual misconduct.
Title: Issues and Attitudes Concerning Social Network Sites: An Empirical Study
Presenter: Molisa Meier, B.A. (Honors) (Cand)
E-mail: mmeie050@uottawa.ca Abstract A relatively new technological advance introduced by the Internet is the creation of Social Networking Sites (SNS). Two of the prominent sites are MySpace and Facebook which are the second and seventh most trafficked sites on the Internet, respectively (Robin, 2007). In comparison, Google, the popular search engine, is the sixth most trafficked site (Duffy, 2006). Thus if Google is considered to be a key figure in our lives, SNS are definitely heading in that direction. The number of people who register on these sites is growing at a rapid pace. MySpace currently has 145 million global members while Facebook has 10 million members (Duyn, 2007; Thomson, 2006). Since the SNS are becoming an ingrained phenomena in our culture, it is important to see how they are affecting our social, professional and personal lives and are changing the way we communicate with others, the way we express ourselves and gain personal knowledge of others (Olga, 2007; Knowledge Wharton, 2006). This paper discusses the controversies regarding the use of SNS, their function and potential risks to our society. For this study, an attitude scale was developed to assess university students’ attitudes towards SNS. The items for the scale were developed by reviewing the literature and by gathering the students’ comments regarding SNS. The process of developing the scale will be presented as well as the initial results in applying it to a group of university students. The paper will end by discussing the impact that SNS has on the personal, familial and social lives of youth.
Title: Dying and Rising with Fetal Loss: An appreciation for the unwelcome gift of being assigned a research task
Presenter: Karen Kuhnert, M.Div. (Cand)
Address: Waterloo Lutheran Seminary
Phone: 519-884-4155
E-mail: KarenKhn@aol.com Abstract In seeking to make sense of quantitative and qualitative clinical research on pastoral counselling and Fetal Loss (including an influential Lazarus Paradigm path analysis, Likert Scale measurements, Perinatal Grief Scales, etc.) I became aware of important conflicts between current Fetal Loss practice and evidence-based research-informed "praxis." During my first Basic CPE Unit, ecumenical and multi-faith case-experience, combined with the research review and findings, resulted in a transformation in my understanding of ministry and my own approach to caring. In this paper I will briefly recount my pastoral counselling journey, noting particularly the role of the SPCR text Spirituality and Health: Multi-disciplinary Explorations. I will highlight case opportunities made possible through treatment approaches taught at Waterloo Lutheran Seminary and by my CPE Supervisor. Then I will discuss future opportunities for multi-disciplinary research. Finally, I will present a self-help guide for getting students' started in doing basic clinical research entitled "Help Me! I Have to Do Clinical Research’".
Title: Ecumenical and Multifaith Needs of C.P.E. Students Receiving Supervision
Presenter: Erin Poole Fuller, Chaplain
Address: St. Joseph's Lifecare Centre
Telephone: Business (519) 751-7096 x3409 Home: (519) 751-9991
E-mail: epoolefuller@georgian.net Abstract I propose to conduct a study of the ecumenical and multi-faith needs of clinical pastoral education students under supervision. Survey methodology with a personally developed, self-administered questionnaire will be used to gather data from four CPE groups in southern Ontario via email. I plan to combine Likert scale and qualitative questions to help maintain the interest of the respondents, and to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Purposive sampling will be used to obtain a cross-section of various denominations and faiths within the CPE groups. Ultimately, my goal is to learn more about the denomination and faith-specific needs of students and how well they are being met.
Title: Poster Presentations by Pastoral Counselling Students
Presenters: Goshia Matusiewicz, M.T.S. (Cand) Trudy Rose, M.T.S. (Cand) James Foley, M.T.S. (Cand) Paige Mason, M.T.S. (Cand)
Address: Waterloo Lutheran Seminary
Telephone: 519-8841970, ext. 3234
E-mail: malgosia_meg@hotmail.com trudyprose@rogers.com jjjfoley@hotmail.com paige1941@hotmail.com (contact person) Abstract Four posters prepared by four students in a graduate course on research are presented. The topics include: 1) clients' experiences of logotherapy; 2) coping with AIDS in Africa; 3) mental health and spirituality; and 4) a family therapy approach with Latin Canadian Refugees and meeting their needs through integrative community support. Each author of a poster will take ten minutes and explain what has been done along with sharing some struggles and anxieties in the research process. There will be a short time for questions. These students will also display their posters throughout the conference and be willing to talk about their work outside of the workshop.
Title: The Confluence of Care: Merging Spirituality and Medicine in Mental Health
Presenter: Donna Mann, MTS
Address: Cambridge Memorial Hospital
Telephone: 519-653-1684 (home)
E-mail: mdmann@golden.net Abstract A snapshot of three inpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorder reveals that effective health care requires more than medication. The use of "both/and logic" leads a student to discover that a spiritual care approach which integrates post modern family therapies can empower patients to move forward from hospitalization with dignity and hope. A review of research literature on the relationship of Religion/Spirituality and Bipolar Disorder is followed by a look at the dynamics of a manic episode in the lives of three diverse patients. Components of religious care, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Narrative Therapy are highlighted and discussed in the context of the encounters between patients and a chaplain-intern.
Title: A Pastoral Counselling Approach to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Pastoral Counsellor as Grace Container
Presenter: Cindy Jacobsen, D.Min
Address: 507 Brentcliffe Drive
Phone:
E-mail: Cindy@kwcounselling.com
Abstract The use of religion and religious thoughts as a means of coping with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is explored in this paper. The paper uses studies of clinicians’ work with clients suffering from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, exploring how persons of faith with this disorder attempt to create order out of chaos. An extensive case study is included as well as a hermeneutical study. An overview of the psychology of religion helps the reader to understand the human need to make sense of existence. The paper then proceeds to explore current Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder research, as well as brain research as it relates to the biological mechanisms involved in religious experience. The paper acknowledges that Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a disorder of the brain. It then urges pastors and pastoral counsellors to make use of the unique opportunity to familiarize themselves with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder as a way persons use to understand God and self, not unlike the unique task of doing theology as a way of making meaning out of existence. In the end, the paper attempts to understand the use of religion as an important means of coping and dealing with the challenges of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Title: Implicit Theologies in Current Psychological Research on Religions and Spiritualities
Presenters: Joanne Marie Greer, Ph.D. Omar Bradley Beukema, Ph.D.
Address: Loyola College 6909 Oakridge Avenue
Telephone: 301.452.1143
E-mail: jgreer@loyola.edu Bradley.Beukema@verizon.net Abstract For a substantial portion of the 20th century, religion belief and practice were virtually ignored by most prominent contributors to behavioral research. This statement is not meant to denigrate the contributions of individuals like Gordon Allport (1950), but generally such research was not held in high prestige. Most psychological researchers perceived little need to characterize carefully either descriptive or explanatory models of religious experience. (Hill and Pargament, 2003 provide a comprehensive review of literature on this point.) Indeed, much of psychology and psychiatry has traditionally regarded religion as harmless self-soothing unless taken too seriously, when it then became subsumed under psychosis. A radical shift in recent years has legitimized religious variables in quarters where their use would have once been unwelcome. As a result, there is an emerging interest in establishing quantitative model to describe religious and spiritual behavior/experience. This paper considers motivations underlying this quest, the most popular approach to such a model, and the questionable generalizability of that approach. We identify implicit theological beliefs in that approach, challenge the universality of these implicit beliefs, and point out the general advantages of theological neutrality in religious research.
Title: Conversational Tools for Spiritual Care Supervision: A Post-Modern Approach
Presenter: Colleen Lashmar, CSJ, D. Min.
Address: Pastoral Care Coordinator
Phone: 519 621-2333, ext. 2124
E-mail: Clashmar@cmh.org Abstract This paper highlights the use of the following approaches: A Rogerian, Person-Centered Approach, authored by Carl Rogers, and its application to Supervision, a Narrative Approach, developed by Michael White and David Epston, which seeks to open up the student’s story, a Solution-Focused conversation which emphasizes the positive or "what’s going right", which was initiated by Steve de Shazar, and how it works in supervising a student’s personal and professional functioning Logotherapy Approaches, as formulated by Victor Frankl which looks at values and meaning-making in providing supervision to spiritual care students. This is applicable for supervisors who supervise students in the hospital, long-term care facility, or pastoral counselling centre. There is a 60 minute powerpoint presentation highlighting the above constructs with three case study scenarios: the student who is taking CPE "because they have to" the student who is often "uncooperative" as well as the student "who wants to learn." There will be a discussion on which students to accept into a unit, and when do you not accept a student? There will be pauses for questions, conversation and reflection and the participants can highlight one of their own experiences for discussion and reflection.
Thirteenth Annual
Conference
May/Mai 4-6, 2006 Abstracts/Résumé
Title: The Helping Relationship in
Supervision Abstract In supervision, the helping relationship known as the supervisory working alliance is generally accepted as the most important component of supervision, despite a lack of agreement about exactly what this relationship comprises (Ellis and Ladany, 1997). Recent research has begun to explore this relationship, providing some understanding about its essential qualities and exploring the consequences when this relationship does not provide a good foundation for supervision. Nelson and Friedlander (2001) conducted a qualitative exploration of negative supervisory experiences in psychology supervision. They concluded that role conflicts and power struggles characterized most of these negative relationships, and dual relationships, even subtle ones, created much confusion and disharmony. They also found disagreement about what should take place in supervision, power struggles or role conflicts, supervisees who experienced their supervisors as angry at them, and supervisors who denied responsibility or were irresponsible. These findings were echoed in a qualitative study of CPE supervision (Cutting, 2003), that also explored positive supervisory experiences and found that trainees benefited greatly from these experiences. In the CPE study, the supervisory relationship occupied a major place in participants’ descriptions of their CPE supervisory experiences. Half of the themes in the study related to the supervisory relationship: Initiation of the relationship, the relationship itself, and the critical incident or turning point in the relationship. (The other themes were the CPE group, contributing factors and outcomes.) The "Relationship with Supervisor" theme was the only one to contain a general theme: participants in the positive experience group describing their supervisors with words such as competent, experienced, knowledgeable; sharp, and astute. Participants in the positive and negative experience groups described their relationships with their supervisors in contrasting terms. The positive experience participants talked about a warm, trusting, comfortable relationship, where as participants in the negative experience group reported that their supervisors were not "present," not invested, and did not listen well. They also used words such as arrogant, patronizing, disrespectful, demeaning, critical, judgemental, hostile, abusive, and enraged to describe their supervisors. This paper will compare and contrast the ways in which the two groups talked about their relationships with their supervisors. Title: Disclosure Patterns of
Church-Affiliated Family Members of Individuals who have Come Out as Lesbian or Gay E-Mail: <lmmyers@wightman.ca> Abstract This study explored the ‘disclosure’ patterns of church-affiliated family members of those who have come out as lesbian or gay to those in their mainline Christian church communities. Respondents in this study represented the following mainline churches: Roman Catholic, United Church, United Methodists, Presbyterian, Anglican and Salvation Army. The purpose of the study was to discover how these individuals with close relatives (sons, daughters, grandchildren, brothers, sisters) disclose to members of their church communities (clergy and/or other church members) that their family member is lesbian or gay. This study utilized a two-part process. The first consisted of in-depth interviews with sixteen family members of gay or lesbian individuals, each lasting between 1-2 hours, that were tape recorded, later transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory. A second step in the study involved the development of a 30-item questionnaire that was completed by 54 participants (in addition to those being interviewed). Questionnaires further collect information about the disclosure patterns of family members, and their experiences of ‘telling’ those in their church community about their relative being lesbian or gay, as well as their experiences around ‘not’ telling. It is hoped that the information gleaned in this study will inform the process of pastoral care in church communities and raise awareness of the reality of homosexual families.
Titre Le modèle des valeurs et l’imagerie mentale Courriel Marie-Line Morin
Marie-Line.Morin@Usherbrooke.ca Résumé Le modèle des valeurs développé par Y. Saint-Arnaud a été enseigné en counselling pastoral (population francophone) depuis 1967. Il prend ses fondements dans les courants de psychologie psychanalytique, humaniste et psychosynthésiste et dans des études théologiques et philosophiques qui portent sur l’articulation de la quête d’absolu des personnes. L’imagerie mentale, pour sa part, est originaire de la technique du « Rêve éveillé dirigé » aussi appelée « onirothérapie », développée par R. Desoille et approfondie par R. Frétigny et A. Virel, et dont l’impact a été étudié par A. A. Sheikh. L’objectif de la présente communication est de présenter les résultats de deux recherches (essai) de maîtrise dans lesquelles le modèle des valeurs et la technique d’imagerie mentale sont utilisés dans le cadre d’une expérimentation clinique. La première tente d’identifier comment les symboles aident à traverser les obstacles qui empêchent la réalisation de cette Valeur fondamentale (concept anthropologique et philosophique : Aristote dans Charles Taylor, Marcel Gilet). Pour ce faire, la chercheuse s’attarde 1) à la notion de « philosophie de vie », (qui renvoie au concept de « processus » comme définition de la personnalité dans la théorie humaniste) et tente de cerner les manifestations du « nœud psychologique » (qui fait référence au concept psychanalytique de « conflit psychique », entre autres). La deuxième recherche se penche sur la particularité des attitudes du thérapeute qui a favorisé les changements conduisant à la réalisation de cette Valeur fondamentale. Son analyse s’appuie sur une collecte de donnée partant de l’approche des sciences action et de la phénoménologie existentielle. Après une brève présentation des concepts, les résultats sont exposés. Les deux approches méthodologiques utilisées sont : 1) la phénoménologie existentielle de A. Giorgi qui permet d’identifier les structures de sens et de signification qui émergent de la phase de l’analyse et de la conscientisation de l’impact des symboles et 2) l’approche praxéologique de Y. Saint-Arnaud qui permet de cerner l’écart ou le rapprochement entre les attitudes et les intentions du thérapeute et l’impact réel des interventions sur les sujets qui ont participé à l’expérimentation. < "1">Title
< "1">Attachment in Family
Therapy (AFT): A New Paradigm Abstract To understand Attachment in Family Therapy (AFT) (Rovers, 2005), one must begin to fathom how each person is inextricably interwoven within broader interactional systems, the most fundamental of which is the family. Bowen highlighted the emotional atmosphere of the family system, including interpersonal relationship patterns ranging from differentiation to fusion and emotional cutoff. Bowlby insisted that attachment phenomena are lifelong, a Astraightforward continuation@ of attachment in childhood and he outlined attachment patterns that were either secure or insecure. This paper explores family of origin theory, concepts and assessment tools as possibilities to shed further light on attachment patterns and vice versa. This new approach to the helping relationship is presented, along with a model of AFT attachment patterns and descriptors. Everyone must continually struggle with balancing togetherness and the capacity for intense intimacy in relationships and individuality and the capacity for independent thinking and goal-oriented action. Differentiation permits a person to function individually, and yet be emotionally involved with others, and to do both simultaneously at profound depth. Said another way, differentiation permits one to be secure in relationships. There is no single route to normality or secure-enough attachment pattern. Development is not blocked by particular experiences of deficits but rather re-routed or constrained into increasingly particular pathways over the wide range of normal to abnormal development. The road to security is not a primrose path, but a process which involves risks, choices and anxieties. The AFT attachment patterns conceives a continuous measure, moving away from set categorical traits of attachment patterns. In addition, this leaves space for changes and healing as one experiences new attachment figures in adolescence and adulthood. Falling in love or the birth of a child can necessitate conscious re-evaluations of relationship patterns. Therapy, such as a reexamination of one=s family of origin attachment patterns or emotionally focused couple therapy, can also fashion changes in present attachment patterns. A case study and implications for therapy are provided. Title: Jesus, Mary, and Joseph! Pastor’s Perceptions of
Well-functioning Families.
Abstract Where do Pastor’s learn how families ought to function? What criterion do they use to discern if a family is functioning well or poorly? How are Pastor’s perceptions about family functioning transmitted to their parishes and communities? Do Pastors see religion and spirituality affecting family functioning, and if so, what influence do they have? This qualitative study examines Pastor’s perceptions of well-functioning families within a Canadian context. A review of the literature will consider authors like J. Throop, J. Balswick, John Gottman, Peter Van Katwyk and others. A number of themes have tentatively developed from interviews with Pastors from three mainline denominations, each having significant experience in parish ministry. Perspectives by clergy on such as themes as family time, commitment, communication, clergy roles, the ambiguous nature of families, societal and cultural influences, and family spirituality will be shared.
Title: Working Through a Client Separation/Individuation
Transference: A Case Study Using Theme-Analysis Abstract Theme Analysis was applied to the transcripts of 37 counseling sessions of a young-adult European-Canadian female client, with a low-level borderline personality disorder, to identify the themes of separation/individuation transference, indicate how they are linked to each other, and to track changes on the themes across psychotherapy sessions as reflected by a change process measure. Psychotherapeutic themes were defined in terms of polarities with one pole representing the problem-end on a continuum and the second pole representing the striving-towards end on a continuum. The Seven-Phase Model of the Change Process was used assess change on the themes across the sessions. Low-level borderline personality disorder was defined by the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria and the degree of separation-individuation was assessed by the Separation-Individuation Process Inventory. Three classes of themes were identified: descriptive, main (Second-Order & Third-Order) and core. The research produced one core theme, the fear of abandonment versus the desire to be embraced, to which the other themes are linked. The results suggest that the themes change across therapy in a progressive forward manner. The theoretical implications and clinical relevance of the findings were discussed.
Title The Therapeutic
Relationship: Working with Transference and Countertransference in Therapy. Abstract Over the past century, various theories of psychotherapy and their respective approaches have evolved, all with their roots in psychoanalysis. Among the approaches, there is a general consensus that the ultimate goal of therapy is change. Where the approaches differ is in their view of how change is achieved. Decades of research have shown a positive relationship between the therapeutic relationship / alliance and treatment outcome. Some even suggest that the client-therapist relationship is the curative factor in therapy. Over the course of its’ development, psychodynamic theory has consistently maintained an emphasis on the therapeutic relationship as critical to the change process and the main vehicle for change. In this approach, the interplay between, and working through competing forces of transference and countertransference, in large part, constitute the change process. Despite the vital awareness of the impact of transference and countertransference on the therapeutic relationship, the literature on training is lacking and focuses mainly on guidelines and ‘markers’ of these central concepts. So how then, as therapists, do we learn to work with transference and countertransference in therapy? In this paper, a review of the literature on the therapeutic relationship as it relates to treatment outcome is presented. Concepts of transference and countertransference are defined. Current literature on training to work with transference and countertransference is reviewed. A clinical case with two separate critical events will be presented to illustrate my journey learning to work with transference and countertransference. I will relate my experience back to the literature. Finally, I suggest benefits of using countertransference in couple therapy and propose future literature and research focus on the mechanics of resolution in the couple context.
Title: The Integrated Parish Nursing Model:
Abstract The initial phase of this study took place between 1998 and 2000, and became the basis of a doctoral dissertation (Myers, 2000) and resource development in the field of parish nursing. The study explored the meaning of parish nursing, a relatively new area of nursing practice, through in-depth interviews with participants throughout North America: nurses currently involved in parish nursing (N=22) those who facilitate and support the development of parish nursing (N=19), and recognized experts in the field, including Rev. Granger Westberg (N=5). In an open, unstructured format, participants explained and clarified what they believed parish nursing to be, how the practice fits with a traditional structured profession, and the dual aspect of nursing and ministry inherent in the role. This study utilized qualitative research methodology and data were analyzed using the constant comparative process of grounded theory. An understanding of the personal meaning of parish nursing emerged, as well as the professional and pragmatic issues surrounding this new practice and a four-fold model for parish nursing was developed (The Integrative Parish Nursing Model) consistent the four functional components of nursing theory: nurse, client, health and environment. This theoretical model was proposed as a framework for parish nursing practice, research and education (Myers, 2002). The second phase of this study began in 2002, and sought to test the theory presented in the The Integrative Parish Nursing Model (IPNM). 750 data collection instruments were disseminated, 394 were returned, and 326 were usable. Respondents were parish nurses contacted at several sites throughout North America: the Westberg Parish Nursing Symposium, the Concordia Parish Nursing Conference in Mequon, the Canadian Association Parrish Nursing Ministry Conference, Parish Nursing Education Day in London, Ontario, Parish Nursing web-lists and web-sites, by contacting those known to be parish nurses, and through participant referral. The study consisted of the development of four test instruments, each representing one of the four main components of the theoretical framework (client, wholistic health, parish nurse, and environment). Each component was further broken down into four aspects, each representing more detailed aspects of the theoretical framework, and each consisting of 40 items (160 items) to be rated on a four-point Likert Scale, for a total of 640 test items covered in four individual test instruments. Each item had four potential responses ranging strongly agree to strongly disagree. Propositions from The Integrative Parish Nursing Model (Myers, 2002) were strongly supported by the data. Findings from this study support the dual role of parish nursing (nursing and ministry), and the specialty as a timely and potentially substantial player in the health promotion process. Title: A Psychospiritual Approach to Supervising Pastoral Writing
Projects Abstract This presentation offers a template for supervising the pastoral students as they engage in the research and writing of their pastoral projects. The development of a particular paradigm, (The Processing Ps) will be offered. Moreover a transcendental approach of question-quest-re/quest will be introduced. A light-hearted mnemonic called The Processing P’s arranges more than a dozen elements of good writing and its motivational constituents into three phases. Some of them have been drawn from the spiritual insights of Ignatian spirituality, positive psychology and the works of Bernard Lonergan and Karl Rahner. The presenter evolved this paradigm through supervising more than 100 pastoral care theses and more than a dozen doctoral candidates in pastoral counseling. A composite verbatim is included in the presentation. Title: The Helping Relationship: A Context for Learning Abstract Individuals, couples, or families come for therapy as a result of encountering challenges, either environmental or developmental, which they are unable to accommodate. Clients tend to respond with familiar patterns developed through past experiences, which may not address present circumstances. Current research indicates similarities between the pedagogical and therapeutic relationships. A modernist view has tended to see knowledge as if it were an object, a "third thing," to be manipulated, stored, and grasped. As a critique, a constructivist view of knowledge organizes and re-organizes one’s own subjective world of experience. Constructivism recognizes that learning is "situated-in" and "co-emerges" in complex webs of experience. Drawing on constructivist understandings of the self, complexity theory, ecology, and hermeneutics, an "enactivist" model is presented which recognizes the dynamic interplay between clients and their context. In the dynamic interplay, the challenges presented by clients are understood to be opportunities for learning, rather than indicators of pathology or dysfunction. This learning is an unpredictable process that is "occasioned," rather than "caused." When these "occasions" are recognized within the helping relationship they become an opportunity for clients to learn alternate responses to life’s challenges. This paper focuses on how therapy is about learning: learning about the self, the other, and the "self-in-relation." Learning about the "self" is an interpretive process of continually adapting to one’s emerging context and effecting changes in that context. Seeing this as learning, rather than addressing pathology or dysfunction, significantly alters the perspective of therapy for the therapist and clients. . The implications for therapy and supervision are considered using a
case scenario.
Abstract A major trend in clinical and institutional contexts is to rename pastoral counselling to spiritual counselling. The turn to a spiritual paradigm creates an identity crisis in pastoral care and counselling. Increasingly, pastoral counselling training focuses on non-congregational relationships and contexts. Training for pastoral counsellors occurs in clinical or institutional settings. The ideal pastoral counsellor and ideal pastoral client are developed apart from the congregational context. The ideal helping relationship is framed in clinical or institutional terms. Moreover, the adequacy of non-public, individual-based interventions is questioned in pastoral praxis. This paper argues that the pastoral paradigm continues to provide a productive framework for the development of these emerging practice issues. The paper will describe the pastoral paradigm as a fundamentally communal narrative. The helping relationship contributes to the common good by responding to human suffering in an ethical economy that alleges God’s presence. The Common Factors understanding of helping relationship is correlated with common pastoral themes, and their mutual influence is critiqued and discussed. The correlation affirms and challenges each model’s private and public focus, individual and societal interventions, and clergy and laity-based training in a pluralistic society.
Title: Where is God in the helping relationship? Abstract The feature that distinguishes pastoral counseling relationships from their secular counterparts is their use of religious sources and norms of authority to understand the role of God in the life of the therapist and client, and in the helping relationship. In discussions of pastoral care in a postmodern and global context, pastoral theologians have found it helpful to distinguish among premodern, modern, and postmodern epistemological approaches in surveying the varieties of pastoral counseling currently practiced. Using premodern epistemological approaches, counselors assume that God or that which is sacred can be apprehended through sacred texts, religious rituals and traditions, and spiritual experiences---the way transcendent realities seemed to be known within the ancient and medieval church prior to the use of critical approaches to knowledge introduced by Enlightenment thinkers. Using a modern epistemological approaches, counselors draw upon rational and empirical methods, like biblical critical methods, medical knowledge, and the social sciences, in offering pastoral care. Using postmodern epistemological approaches, counselors bring into focus the contextual and provisional nature of knowledge, including knowledge of God. These distinctions are useful in understanding how the role of God or the sacred is described in models of psychotherapy, particularly models written by psychologists. By way of illustration, I examine one such model, by Richards and Bergin in A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy (1997, 2005) Casebook for a spiritual strategy in counseling and psychotherapy (2004). A close reading of their so-called theistic model of therapy reveals the way in which they use postmodern philosophical perspectives to justify a premodern approach to religious knowledge. In other words, while seemingly adopting a postmodern approach to philosophical knowledge, these authors use a premodern approach to religious knowledge, as can be seen in their descriptions of the role of God in the helping relationship. This critique offers a way of evaluating how the role of God is described in the helping relationship. It also highlights the need for cross-disciplinary models of understanding the role of God in the helping relationship, which can draw upon postmodern approaches to religious knowledge by scholars of religious and theological studies.
Title: What Should the Spiritual Caregiver Know While Dealing
with the Survivors of an Ethnic Violence
Abstract: The ethnic cleansing and genocide target women mostly for different purposes. The women suffer from rape in ethnic violence and war. Rape was one of the tools of ethnic cleansing, a way to terrorize the Azerbaijani population and make sure that they did not come back. Rape was also a form of punishment for the Azerbaijanis. By raping their women, the Armenians sought to wound the pride of their opponents and insult their nation. The raped women in Khojali case refused to return back and preferred to die in Armenian captivity. The research involved the interviews of the fourteen survivors of the Khjoali genocide. The findings suggest that the survivors suffer from the deep emotional, psychological and physical problems. They experience loss of hope, self-worth, motivation, or purpose in life, etc. The spiritual caregiver should first pay an attention to survivors
may blame themselves for what has happened or feel shameful about
being an assault victim. He or she can provide an individual or group
care to the survivors who have experienced broadly similar events.
However, the group treatment is the most preferable way to provide a
care.
Title: Goal of Theological Reflection in Pastoral Care and
Counselling: An Ethnographic Study Abstract This ethnographic research is part of a larger study that examines the praxis of theological reflection by practitioners in pastoral care and counseling. This particular part of this research seeks to discover the goal(s) of theological reflection that practitioners articulate. A summary of the review of the literature is presented that especially focuses on the work of Stephen Bevan, Robert Kinast and Elaine Graham as they summarize the various styles and models of theological reflection. Forty three persons who practiced pastoral care and counseling were interviewed. These included pastoral counsellors and chaplains from the Canadian Association of Pastoral Practice and Education (CAPPE) as well as some congregational ministers. Also field notes were used in the researchers observations in the field. Data was analyzed through standard content analysis in looking for manifest and latent themes. Two goals were discovered. First, many practitioners view theological reflection as helping them understand what is going on, gain perspective and keep grounded in the experience of the divine. Second, some practitioners saw theological reflection as facilitating transformation and action. Some interviewees use both goals. Discussion of the data will relate these two findings to the review of the literature. Suggestions will also be made in terms of training for pastoral care and counseling.
Title
An Adapted Integration of the "White Paper" and the Mission
Statement of the Spiritual Care Department at St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton Abstract It is our conviction that the role of the spiritual and the role of chaplains are even more necessary since both have a unique place in fostering healthcare. The purpose of this research is to explore chaplaincy within St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton. Chaplaincy at St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton is lived out of our identity as a Catholic Healthcare provider. This research is heavily indebted to the White Paper "Professional Chaplaincy: Its Role and Importance in Healthcare" produced collaboratively by the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education, Association of Professional Chaplains, Canadian Association for Pastoral Practice and Education, National Association of Catholic Chaplains, and National Associations of Jewish Chaplains; and the Spiritual Care Department at St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton. We have created a document and a poster that reflects chaplaincy within St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton.
12th Annual Conference
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